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Quantitative Easing, Stablecoins, and Bitcoin’s Fixed Supply: Why Neither Crypto ‘Solution’ Fixes the Money Problem
Economics Kieran Cook Economics Kieran Cook

Quantitative Easing, Stablecoins, and Bitcoin’s Fixed Supply: Why Neither Crypto ‘Solution’ Fixes the Money Problem

Money supports a modern economy by enabling exchange, providing a unit of account and acting as a store of value. Fiat money works because it is backed by law, taxation and a central bank that stabilises the financial system. Most money is created by private banks when they make loans, and banks settle their net flows using reserves in the overnight market. Central banks guide the cost of this funding through open market operations, influencing borrowing conditions across the economy. When interest rates are near zero, they turn to quantitative easing, which creates reserves to buy longer-dated government and high-quality private assets in order to support liquidity and lower long-term rates. QE appeared profitable when rates were low but has since become costly as reserve remuneration has risen, yet its role in preventing financial collapse shows why a centralised banking system remains indispensable.

Crypto experiments test whether parts of this system can be replaced. Stablecoins depend on private issuers managing reserve portfolios without a public backstop, which makes their one-to-one promises vulnerable to runs when assets fall or liquidity dries up. Bitcoin avoids runs because it has no issuer and no redemption promise, but a fixed supply, high volatility and the lack of a lender of last resort mean it cannot meet the needs of a large, dynamic economy. Its long-term security also depends on transaction fees once block subsidy ends. Overall, these technologies cannot replicate the trust, elasticity and institutional support that make fiat money and centralised banking both stable and efficient.

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When the Essentials Became a Luxury: The Rise of Intergenerational Inequality
Economics Kieran Cook Economics Kieran Cook

When the Essentials Became a Luxury: The Rise of Intergenerational Inequality

Streaming, smartphones, and cheap flights make it easy to believe we’ve never had it so good. But beneath the surface, younger generations are struggling with something far more serious: the essentials have become unaffordable.

For Millennials and Gen Z, owning a home, raising a family, or saving for retirement is harder than it was for their parents—despite higher qualifications and greater workforce participation. Whilst consumer goods have become cheaper, the building blocks of a stable life have slipped further out of reach.

This post explores how that happened—and why the odds feel stacked against the young.

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